{"id":36,"date":"2026-05-27T05:06:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T05:06:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8081\/?page_id=36"},"modified":"2026-05-27T09:57:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T09:57:31","slug":"vulgeo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/","title":{"rendered":"Vulgeo Home Page"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#156f8626;border-top-left-radius:16px;border-top-right-radius:16px;border-bottom-left-radius:16px;border-bottom-right-radius:16px;padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:2rem\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim has-background-gradient\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(13,59,90,0.08) 0%,rgba(57,160,166,0.18) 100%)\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4f873562512bbeec0e8420926a2af4db wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#156f86\">IDENTIFY AND AVOID SINGLE POINTS OF FAILURE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-xxlarge-font-size wp-elements-c82953b8f15df71e16d454d20ed1f7be\" style=\"color:#0d3b5a\">Promoting resilient Internet infrastructure across the South Pacific<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-theme-palette-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3b7219342a7486c7970ecd36d4a84fbb wp-block-paragraph\">Geophysical events are becoming increasingly common worldwide. The Pacific is not immune. Recent disruptions caused by the Hunga Tonga eruption and Cyclone Gabrielle show the damages such events can cause. VULGEO is a collaborative research project that identifies services critical during such events and works to eliminate single points of failure in these systems. It is supported by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.royalsociety.org.nz\/what-we-do\/funds-and-opportunities\/catalyst-fund\/catalyst-seeding\/recipients-2\/recipients-july-2024\">Catalyst Grant<\/a> from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.royalsociety.org.nz\/\">Royal Society of New Zealand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" style=\"background-color:#156f86\">Explore our work<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" style=\"background-color:#156f86\">Check out our most recent outputs<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-theme-palette-1-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1.1rem;padding-left:1.1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#0d3b5a03;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Locality Matters<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Have critical services available locally<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-theme-palette-1-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1.1rem;padding-left:1.1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#0d3b5a03;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">World-Wide<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">collaboration model<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-theme-palette-1-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1.1rem;padding-left:1.1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#0d3b5a03;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Open by default<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">briefs, papers, and field updates<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why This Work Matters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Pacific has unique geographic constraints. Many countries connect through a single submarine cable. That cable is a single point of failure, but the problem runs deeper. Even if local infrastructure survives, the services people need (government websites, emergency information, payment systems, authentication providers) may be hosted overseas, routed through hubs like Fiji or Samoa that are themselves vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent events have repeatedly demonstrated the impact of Internet outage resulting from systems with single points of failure. Whether due to consolidation of network services&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2025\/10\/29\/microsoft_azure_outage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/news\/687100\/google-explains-thursdays-massive-cloud-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/18-november-2025-outage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/retail-consumer\/amazons-cloud-unit-reports-outage-several-websites-down-2025-10-20\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>&nbsp;or from more localised geophysical events such as the 2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/01\/18\/1043790\/tongas-volcano-internet-reconnected\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hunga Tonga eruption<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/cyclone-gabrielle-broke-vital-communication-links-when-people-needed-them-most-what-happened-and-how-do-we-fix-it-200711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cyclone Gabrielle<\/a>. These events make it clear that services further afield often depend on such vulnerable services and can impact users and Internet service providers far from the disaster themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many such failure points originate in commercial decisions based on price and day-to-day performance. The decision makers often do not realise that everyone else relies on the same at-risk resource. This leads to the following questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Where is your e-mail server?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Where does your payment gateway operate from?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you use third-party authentication service, what happens when they have an outage?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Where is your national emergency website hosted?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many local services are not local at all. A New Zealand emergency management domain may resolve to a server in Sydney. A civil defence shelter map may be hosted in the United States. If the cable is cut, that information is unreachable when people need it most. This is even more the case with smaller countries such as those in the South Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Focus Areas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-theme-palette-1-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1.1rem;padding-left:1.1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#0d3b5a03;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Community Connectivity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understand last-mile realities, local operating constraints, and continuity needs during disruptions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-theme-palette-1-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1.1rem;padding-left:1.1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#0d3b5a03;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resilient infrastructure<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Map dependencies, redundancy options, and practical infrastructure upgrades across the region.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-theme-palette-1-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px;padding-top:1.1rem;padding-right:1.1rem;padding-bottom:1.1rem;padding-left:1.1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color\" style=\"border-color:#0d3b5a03;border-top-left-radius:14px;border-top-right-radius:14px;border-bottom-left-radius:14px;border-bottom-right-radius:14px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Policy and capacity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Translate technical evidence into planning guidance, training, and operational coordination.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What You Can Find Here<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Areas of Work<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Partners<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Outputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blog<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recent Updates<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-posts-id-36_30019e-6d .loop-entry{background:transparent;box-shadow:none;}.kb-posts-id-36_30019e-6d .loop-entry > .entry-content-wrap{padding:0px;}.kb-posts-id-36_30019e-6d .loop-entry .post-thumbnail{margin-bottom:1em;}.kb-posts-id-36_30019e-6d .kb-post-list-item{display:grid;}<\/style><ul class=\"wp-block-kadence-posts kb-posts kadence-posts-list kb-posts-id-36_30019e-6d content-wrap grid-cols kb-posts-style-unboxed grid-sm-col-2 grid-lg-col-3 item-image-style-above\"><li class=\"kb-post-list-item\">\n\t<article class=\"entry content-bg loop-entry post-101 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-submarine-cables tag-cable tag-submarine\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-content-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<header class=\"entry-header\">\n\t\t<div class=\"entry-taxonomies\">\n\t\t<span class=\"category-links term-links category-style-normal\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/?cat=2\" class=\"category-link-submarine-cables\" rel=\"tag\">Submarine Cables<\/a>\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div><!-- .entry-taxonomies -->\n\t<h2 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/?p=101\" rel=\"bookmark\">Subsea cables and services &#8211; It&#8217;s complicated!<\/a><\/h2>\t<div class=\"entry-meta entry-meta-divider-dot\">\n\t<span class=\"posted-by\"><span class=\"meta-label\">By<\/span><span class=\"author vcard\"><span class=\"fn n\">Ulrich Speidel<\/span><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t<span class=\"posted-on\">\n\t\t\t\t<time class=\"entry-date published updated\" datetime=\"2026-05-27T09:00:07+00:00\">May 27, 2026<\/time>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-meta -->\n\t<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t<div class=\"entry-summary\">\n\t\t<p>Looking at a submarine cable map such as submarinecablemap.com can be a little misleading: One might think that a cable is like a road, with turn-offs and branches and intersections, and that when there are two or more cables reaching a particular coast or island, it necessarily creates choice and redundancy the moment a cable&#8230;<\/p>\n\t<\/div><!-- .entry-summary -->\n\t<footer class=\"entry-footer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-actions\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"more-link-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/?p=101\" class=\"post-more-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRead More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> Subsea cables and services &#8211; It&#8217;s complicated!<\/span><span class=\"kadence-svg-iconset svg-baseline\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"kadence-svg-icon kadence-arrow-right-alt-svg\" fill=\"currentColor\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"27\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 27 28\"><title>Continue<\/title><path d=\"M27 13.953c0 0.141-0.063 0.281-0.156 0.375l-6 5.531c-0.156 0.141-0.359 0.172-0.547 0.094-0.172-0.078-0.297-0.25-0.297-0.453v-3.5h-19.5c-0.281 0-0.5-0.219-0.5-0.5v-3c0-0.281 0.219-0.5 0.5-0.5h19.5v-3.5c0-0.203 0.109-0.375 0.297-0.453s0.391-0.047 0.547 0.078l6 5.469c0.094 0.094 0.156 0.219 0.156 0.359v0z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-actions -->\n\t\t<\/footer><!-- .entry-footer -->\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Locality Matters Have critical services available locally World-Wide collaboration model Open by default briefs, papers, and field updates Why This Work Matters The Pacific has unique geographic constraints. Many countries connect through a single submarine cable. That cable is a single point of failure, but the problem runs deeper. Even if local infrastructure survives, the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_kad_post_transparent":"enable","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-36","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vulgeo.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}